execute conversions between mass and also moles the a substance. Convert from mass or mole of one problem to mass or moles of one more substance in a sdrta.netical reaction. Use a balanced sdrta.netical equation to identify molar relationships between substances.

You are watching: Which mathematical relationship should you use to convert moles of a substance into grams?

## Molar Mass

The molar fixed of any kind of substance is the massive in grams that one mole that representative particles of that substance. The representative particles deserve to be atoms, molecules, or formula units of ionic compounds. This partnership is typically used in the laboratory. The simplest kind of manipulation using molar mass together a conversion factor is a mole-mass switch (or the reverse, a mass-mole conversion). In such a conversion, we usage the molar massive of a substance together a conversion aspect to transform mole units into mass systems (or, conversely, mass units into mole units).

We additionally established that 1 mol of Al has actually a massive of 26.98 g (Example). Declared mathematically,

1 mol Al = 26.98 g Al

We have the right to divide both sides of this expression by either next to obtain one of two possible conversion factors:

\\<\\mathrm\\dfrac1\\: mol\\: Al26.98\\: g\\: Al\\, and\\, \\dfrac26.98\\: g\\: Al1\\: mol\\: Al \\labelEq1\\>

The an initial conversion variable can be offered to transform from mass come moles, and also the second converts from mole to mass. Both can be offered to solve difficulties that would be hard to carry out “by eye.”

Example \$$\\PageIndex1\$$

What is the fixed of 3.987 mol the Al?

Solution

Steps for problem SolvingCalculate the massive of 3.987 mole of aluminum (Al).
Identify the \"given\"information and what the difficulty is questioning you come \"find.\" Given: 3.987 mol of Al Find: g Al
List other well-known quantities 1 mol Al = 26.98 g Al

Prepare a ide map and also use the ideal conversion factor.

api/deki/files/27697/6.2.jpg?revision=1\" />Figure \$$\\PageIndex1\$$ A straightforward Flowchart because that Converting between Mass and Moles the a Substance. It takes one mathematical step to transform from moles to mass or native mass to moles.
Figure \$$\\PageIndex2\$$ A Flowchart portraying the measures in Performing a Unit Conversion. When performing plenty of unit conversions, the exact same logical steps can be taken.

Suppose that for a particular experiment you require 3.00 mole of calcium chloride \$$\\left( \\ceCaCl_2 \\right)\$$. Due to the fact that calcium chloride is a solid, it would be convenient to usage a balance to measure up the mass the is needed. Dimensional evaluation will enable you to calculate the massive of \$$\\ceCaCl_2\$$ that you must measure as show in example \$$\\PageIndex3\$$.

Example \$$\\PageIndex2\$$: Calcium Chloride

Calculate the massive of 3.00 mole of calcium chloride (CaCl2).

Figure \$$\\PageIndex1\$$: Calcium chloride is used as a drying agent and also as a road deicer.

Solution

Steps for difficulty SolvingCalculate the massive of 3.00 mole of calcium chloride (CaCl2).
Identify the \"given\"information and also what the trouble is questioning you to \"find.\" Given: 3.00 moles of CaCl2 Find: g CaCl2
List other well-known quantities 1 ml CaCl2 = 110.98 g CaCl2

Prepare a ide map and use the proper conversion factor.

Given: 108 g H2O Find: mol H2O
List other well-known quantities \$$1 \\: \\textmol \\: \\ceH_2O = 18.02 \\: \\textg\$$ H2O

Prepare a principle map and use the suitable conversion factor.

The same two-step trouble can likewise be worked out in a solitary line, quite than together two different steps, as follows:

\\< 3.59 \\cancel\\, mol \\, Fe_2O_3 \\times \\underbrace\\left( \\dfrac 3 \\bcancel \\, mol\\, SO_3 1 \\cancel\\, mol\\, Fe_2O_3 \\right)_\\textconverts to moles of SO_3 \\times \\underbrace \\left( \\dfrac 80.06 \\, g \\, SO_3 1 \\, \\bcancel mol\\, SO_3 \\right)_\\textconverts to grams of SO_3 = 862\\, g\\, SO_3\\>

We get specifically the exact same answer as soon as combining every the math measures together as we do when we calculation one action at a time.

Example \$$\\PageIndex4\$$: Generation of Aluminum Oxide

How numerous moles of HCl will certainly be produced when 249 g that AlCl3 space reacted follow to this sdrta.netical equation?

\\<2AlCl_3 + 3H_2O(ℓ) → Al_2O_3 + 6HCl(g) \\nonumber\\>

Solution

actions for difficulty SolvingHow numerous moles space in 249 g of AlCl3 ?
Identify the \"given\"information and also what the problem is questioning you to \"find.\" Given: 249 g AlCl3 Find: moles HCl
List other recognized quantities 1 mol AlCl3 = 133.33 g/mol 6 mol that HCl come 2 mol AlCl3
Prepare a concept map and also use the ideal conversion factor.
Cancel units and also calculate. \$$249\\, \\cancelg\\, AlCl_3\\times \\dfrac1\\, \\cancelmol\\, AlCl_3133.33\\, \\cancelg\\, AlCl_3\\times \\dfrac6\\, mol\\, HCl2\\, \\cancelmol\\, AlCl_3=5.60\\, mol\\, HCl\$$
Think about your result. Since 249 g the AlCl3 is much less than 266.66 g, the mass for 2 mole of AlCl3 and also the relationship is 6 mol that HCl to 2 mol AlCl3 , the answer must be much less than 6 mole of HCl.

Exercise \$$\\PageIndex4\$$: Generation the Aluminum Oxide

How countless moles that Al2O3 will certainly be created when 23.9 g that H2O are reacted according to this sdrta.netical equation?

\\<2AlCl_3 + 3H_2O(ℓ) → Al_2O_3 + 6HCl(g) \\nonumber\\>

## Molar relationship in sdrta.netical Equations

Previously, friend learned come balance sdrta.netical equations by comparing the number of each form of atom in the reactants and also products. The coefficients in former of the sdrta.netical formulas stand for the numbers of molecules or formula units (depending top top the kind of substance). Here, we will prolong the definition of the coefficients in a sdrta.netical equation.

Consider the simple sdrta.netical equation

\\<2H_2 + O_2 → 2H_2O\\>

The convention because that writing well balanced sdrta.netical equations is to usage the lowest whole-number proportion for the coefficients. However, the equation is well balanced as lengthy as the coefficients space in a 2:1:2 ratio. For example, this equation is additionally balanced if we compose it as

\\<4H_2 + 2O_2 → 4H_2O\\>

The proportion of the coefficients is 4:2:4, i m sorry reduces to 2:1:2. The equation is likewise balanced if we were to write it as

\\<22H_2 + 11O_2 → 22H_2O\\>

because 22:11:22 additionally reduces come 2:1:2.

Suppose we want to use bigger numbers. Think about the complying with coefficients:

\\<12.044 \\times 10^23\\; H_2 + 6.022 \\times 10^23\\; O_2 → 12.044 \\times 10^23\\; H_2O\\>

These coefficients also have the ratio 2:1:2 (check it and also see), for this reason this equation is balanced. Yet 6.022 × 1023 is 1 mol, if 12.044 × 1023 is 2 mol (and the number is composed that method to do this much more obvious), so we have the right to simplify this version of the equation by writing it as

\\<2 \\;mol\\; H_2 + 1\\; mol\\; O_2 → 2 \\;mol\\; H_2O\\>

We can leave out words mol and also not compose the 1 coefficient (as is ours habit), so the final type of the equation, tho balanced, is

\\<2H_2 + O_2 → 2H_2O\\>

Now we interpret the coefficients as referring to molar amounts, no individual molecules. The lesson? Balanced sdrta.netical equations are balanced not only at the molecular level but also in regards to molar amounts of reactants and products. Thus, we can read this reaction together “two moles of hydrogen react with one mole of oxygen to develop two mole of water.”

By the exact same token, the ratios we built to describe molecules reaction can additionally be built in terms of moles quite than molecules. Because that the reaction in which hydrogen and oxygen incorporate to make water, for example, we can construct the adhering to ratios:

\\<\\mathrm\\dfrac2\\: mol\\: H_21\\: mol\\: O_2\\: or\\: \\dfrac1\\: mol\\: O_22\\: mol\\: H_2\\>

\\<\\mathrm\\dfrac2\\: mol\\: H_2O1\\: mol\\: O_2\\: or\\: \\dfrac1\\: mol\\: O_22\\: mol\\: H_2O\\>

\\<\\mathrm\\dfrac2\\: mol\\: H_22\\: mol\\: H_2O\\: or\\: \\dfrac2\\: mol\\: H_2O2\\: mol\\: H_2\\>

We deserve to use these ratios to identify what lot of a substance, in moles, will certainly react v or produce a given number of moles that a various substance. The research of the numerical relationships between the reactants and the commodities in well balanced sdrta.netical reaction is dubbed stoichiometry.

Example \$$\\PageIndex5\$$

How numerous moles the oxygen react through hydrogen to create 27.6 mol that H2O?

Solution

Steps for problem SolvingHow numerous moles of oxygen react with hydrogen to produce 27.6 mol the H2O?
Find a well balanced equation that explains the reaction

Unbalanced: H2 + O2 → H2O

Balanced: 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O

Identify the \"given\"information and also what the problem is questioning you come \"find.\" Given: mole H2O Find: moles oxygen
List other well-known quantities 1 mol O2 = 2 mol H2O

Prepare a principle map and also use the proper conversion factor.

Cancel units and calculate.

\$$\\mathrm\\cancel27.6\\: mol\\: H_2O\\times\\dfrac1\\: mol\\: O_2\\cancel2\\: mol\\: H_2O=13.8\\: mol\\: O_2\$$

To develop 27.6 mol that H2O, 13.8 mol of O2 react.

See more: Value Of 1890 Carson City Morgan Silver Dollar Value Prices, Photos & Info

Since every mole the oxygen produces double as plenty of moles that water, it provides sense that the created amount is better than the reactant amount

Example \$$\\PageIndex6\$$

How many moles the ammonia are developed if 4.20 mole of hydrogen space reacted v an excess of nitrogen?

Solution

Steps for difficulty SolvingHow numerous moles of ammonia are produced if 4.20 mole of hydrogen room reacted with an overfill of nitrogen
Find a balanced equation that explains the reaction

Unbalanced: N2 + H2 → NH3

Balanced: N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3

Identify the \"given\"information and also what the problem is questioning you to \"find.\"

Given: \$$\\ceH_2 = 4.20 \\: \\textmol\$$

Find: \$$\\textmol\$$ that \$$\\ceNH_3\$$

List other known quantities 3 mol H2 = 2 mol NH3

Prepare a principle map and also use the proper conversion factor.